Evolution may be seen as a process moving betweenGenes two limits: one is the Standard evolutionary theory (SET), with genesGenes seen as programs that almost totally control the deeds of the body. The hypothetical opposite pole is Extended evolutionary theory (EET) thar would assume some hypothetical organisms that are able to tinker by unlimited interpretation of genetic textsText being at their disposal. Real theories work with real organisms that move in the space between such extremes. Here we give some examples of activity within the field. The evolution of the species Homo sapiens is in the focus of many teams that hunt after the “genesGenes of the soul” that would distinguish our species from other members from the genus Homo. Some point mutationsMutations in regulatory proteinsProteins (and perhaps even proteinsProteins involved in metabolism) may turn out to be culprits. Genetics may one day become replenished by epigeneticEpigenetics processes that work with much subtler regulatory power. Other teams have their eyes on evolutionary processes like genetic assimilationGenetic assimilation, canalization towards some outputs, plasticity of species under various condition, etc. The chapter gives also examples of big adaptive radiationsAdaptive radiations occurring in ecosystems (as contrasting with modelling evolution in laboratories), to illustrate achievements and difficulties of such studies.