This work reports the state of art on Medical Body Area Networks (MBAN), where research has been done by various groups on enhancing the performance and reliability of the network. MBAN is crucial for advancing healthcare by enabling real-time monitoring and efficient data transmission in health monitoring. The study explores four major areas of improvement in MBAN—reducing overheads due to backoff counter values, real-time assignment of node priority, dynamic slot allocation, and selecting relay path with minimum delay time. Different mathematical models and algorithms have been reported which show improved efficiency and reliability of MBAN. We investigate back-off counter optimization methods and analyze their effects on data transmission efficiency and collision control. Additionally, node prioritization approaches are reviewed, and their potential benefits for enhancing network throughput and reliability are considered. We also examine dynamic slot allocation algorithms and assess how they work to minimize latency and maximize bandwidth utilization. Relay links have been studied to see their effectiveness in increasing the range of networks.