This chapter examines the role of African communities’ social structures, traditions, and beliefs in arresting crime and criminality, maintaining social order and safety, and resolving conflicts. The chapter begins by situating Indigenous policing systems within historical and cultural contexts while highlighting how these practices are deeply intertwined with social structures, values, norms, traditions, and beliefs. A series of case studies from diverse African regions are explored to present the various forms of Indigenous security mechanisms, such as councils of elders, traditional courts, vigilante groups, and community-based conflict resolution processes. The chapter also considers the potential for hybrid security arrangements that combine Indigenous and formal policing systems’ strengths and insights into how such models can be developed to augment security systems of African societies.