This chapter presents various types of tissues that exhibit their polarization properties due to their structure, which determines the anisotropy of the tissue due to spatial modulation of the refractive index. Such variations in the refractive index can be represented as thin dielectric cylinders with a high refractive index, which are immersed in a medium with a lower refractive index, which corresponds to the structure of fibrous connective tissue, or as a complex composition of spherical particles, which can correspond to tissues that exhibit optical activity. The main characteristics of tissues, typical types of scatterer size distribution, their shape and refractive index values, fractal properties of tissues and cell aggregates are presented. Examples of eye tissues, cornea, sclera and lens are given, their models are presented, explaining the high transparency of the cornea and lens due to the monodispersity of the scatterers and the short-range order in their arrangement, as well as the turbidity of the sclera due to the polydispersity of the scatterers.