This chapter explores’ smart biopolymers, a new class of materials that combine biodegradability with advanced features, such as responding to environmental stimuli like temperature, pH, light, and moisture. Unlike traditional polymers, smart biopolymers can dynamically adapt their behaviour, making them suitable for applications in electronics, healthcare, packaging, textiles, and agriculture. The review covers their structural designs and responsive mechanisms. It also examines real-world uses through case studies in wearable tech, biodegradable food packaging, agricultural coatings, and medicine delivery. The chapter highlights innovative research emphasising the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and commercialisation strategies. It addresses technological and legal challenges such as scalability, material consistency, biodegradation control, and meeting evolving sustainability standards. Looking ahead, it discusses trends like 4D printing, bio-intelligent systems, green processing, and digital integration through IoT. In conclusion, it suggests that smart biopolymers are key to advancing product design and supporting a circular economy. As materials science advances, smart biopolymers are poised to revolutionise sustainable innovation across various industries, ultimately benefiting both the environment and user experience.