Plant-derived biopolymers have become a sustainable alternative to synthetic polymers because of their cost-effectiveness, biodegradability, and sustainability. Among different plant-based biopolymers, mucilages have attracted research interest due to their significant industrial, environmental, and biological uses. Mucilages are polysaccharides isolated from various plant sources including seeds, roots, leaves, and exudates. These polysaccharides comprise proteins, bioactive substances, and sugars like arabinose, galactose, and galacturonic acid. Due to their unique functional properties such as high-water retention capacity, high viscosity, and excellent thermal stability, mucilages are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. In the pharmaceutical industry, they serve as tablet binders and drug carriers, while in the food industry, their antibacterial, antioxidant, and immune-modulating properties make them highly valuable. Furthermore, these biopolymers are hydrophilic; they can effectively form hydrogen bonds with water, making them a suitable material to serve as emulsifiers, film-forming agents, gelling agents, and stabilisers. Recognising their importance in various fields, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of isolation, characterisation, and applications of biopolymers derived from plant-based mucilage.