This review explores the perception of indoor air quality and thermal comfort in school buildings, focusing on children's comfort and health. First, it examines the differences between children and adults in the perception of thermal comfort and IAQ, highlighting the limitations of current standards like Fanger's model, which fail to account for children's specific needs. The review further discusses how indoor comfort investigations are conducted in schools, incorporating both objective measurements and subjective assessments. The need for adaptive approaches to ensure accurate data collection in educational settings is emphasized. Finally, the review underscores the importance of designing school environments that prioritize children's well-being by improving IAQ and optimizing thermal comfort, which is essential for both their health and academic performance.