Industrial wastewater is laden with toxins, including organics, inorganics, emerging contaminantsContaminants and microplasticsMicroplastics, which endanger ecosystems and human health. Besides that, conventional treatmentConventional treatment methods and the typical approach to analytics have several drawbacks. They limit the flexibility of complex systems, consume substantial energy and rely heavily on chemicals, yet they can boast of high efficiency and cost-effectiveness. On the other hand, the radical green approach to wastewater treatmentWastewater treatment remains the single acceptable option that entails green analytical methods, environmentally friendly resource recoveryResource recovery and renewable energy systems. The pillars of achieving economic-ecological balance—scaled-down reduction of the source pollutant, reduced treated water reuse and recycling, minimised sludge generation and optimal waste valorisationWaste valorization—are of utmost importance to sustain eco-economic balance in the long run. This chapter explains advanced strategies and technologies for sustainable, effective wastewater treatmentWastewater treatment. The proposed industrial case studies align with the Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable development GoalsSustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (SDGs) 6, 9 and 13, promoting environmentally responsible water management practices. Above all, they highlight successful strategies: reducing costs and achieving energy neutrality while complying with regulatory requirements for eco-balance. The talk, as usual, revolves around newer contaminantsContaminants, the policies themselves, and the need to nurture innovation to combine strategies. One can see the interpenetration of these present strategies, combined with sustainable and practical approaches, to achieve an industry capable of wastewater management while protecting public health, efficiently and effectively managing resources, and contributing to the circular economyCircular Economy (CE).