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The global drive toward sustainable energy and environmental resilience has intensified interest in converting solid waste into biofuelsBiofuel. However, traditional waste-to-biofuel systems often face significant operational inefficiencies due to delayed detection of process anomalies, inconsistent feedstock characteristics, and suboptimal resource utilization. This chapter, focused on overcoming the challenges of Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable development Goal (SDG) 7, reviews and offers a comprehensive synthesis of emerging digital technologiesDigital technologies, such as Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Blockchain, and their transformative role in real-time monitoringReal-time monitoring and optimizationOptimization of solid waste-to-biofuelBiofuel conversion systems. The paper classifies digital interventions across major conversion pathways, including anaerobic digestionAnaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, gasification, and transesterification, while examining their deployment for system diagnostics, predictive maintenance, performance optimizationOptimization, and transparent data management. Emphasis is given to the integration of smart sensors for real-time data acquisition, edge computing for localized decision-making, and AI-driven models for adaptive process control. The potential of blockchain for traceability, compliance verification, and emission credit management is also evaluated. Through an interdisciplinary lens, the review explores case studies, pilot projects, and techno-economic assessments, highlighting scalable implementations and policy enablers. Barriers such as data integration challenges, interoperability issues, and regulatory constraints are critically assessed, along with recommendations for digital infrastructure standardization in circular economic contexts. This review bridges the gap between digital transformation and bioresource valorization, offering practical insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. It positions digital technologiesDigital technologies as essential catalystsCatalyst for advancing sustainable solid waste managementWaste management and achieving global climate and energy goals.

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Advances in Digital Technologies for Real-Time Monitoring and Optimization of Solid Waste-to-Biofuel Conversion Processes

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Oyetola Ogunkunle,
  • Michael O. Olusanya,
  • Opeoluwa R. Dada,
  • Bolanle D. Ikotun

摘要

The global drive toward sustainable energy and environmental resilience has intensified interest in converting solid waste into biofuelsBiofuel. However, traditional waste-to-biofuel systems often face significant operational inefficiencies due to delayed detection of process anomalies, inconsistent feedstock characteristics, and suboptimal resource utilization. This chapter, focused on overcoming the challenges of Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable development Goal (SDG) 7, reviews and offers a comprehensive synthesis of emerging digital technologiesDigital technologies, such as Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Blockchain, and their transformative role in real-time monitoringReal-time monitoring and optimizationOptimization of solid waste-to-biofuelBiofuel conversion systems. The paper classifies digital interventions across major conversion pathways, including anaerobic digestionAnaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, gasification, and transesterification, while examining their deployment for system diagnostics, predictive maintenance, performance optimizationOptimization, and transparent data management. Emphasis is given to the integration of smart sensors for real-time data acquisition, edge computing for localized decision-making, and AI-driven models for adaptive process control. The potential of blockchain for traceability, compliance verification, and emission credit management is also evaluated. Through an interdisciplinary lens, the review explores case studies, pilot projects, and techno-economic assessments, highlighting scalable implementations and policy enablers. Barriers such as data integration challenges, interoperability issues, and regulatory constraints are critically assessed, along with recommendations for digital infrastructure standardization in circular economic contexts. This review bridges the gap between digital transformation and bioresource valorization, offering practical insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. It positions digital technologiesDigital technologies as essential catalystsCatalyst for advancing sustainable solid waste managementWaste management and achieving global climate and energy goals.