The Jesuit Vincenzo Figliucci (1566 − 1622) is best known as a moral theologian and mathematician in Counter-Reformation Italy. Yet his only and little-known poetic work, the Stanze sopra le stelle e macchie solari scoperte col nuovo occhiale (1615), engages rigorously with the most provocative astronomical discoveries of Galileo’s time and demonstrates how early modern poetry could serve as a creative medium for explaining, mediating, and disseminating scientific knowledge. This study begins by tracing the ways in which Figliucci, echoing Galileo’s rhetorical strategies, situates his poetry within a broader framework of dynastic exaltation, entwining the destinies of poet, patron, and city through a shared cosmological imaginary. Moving beyond reductive binaries that cast Galileo either as heroic innovator or doctrinal transgressor, the Stanze pursue a more nuanced and layered engagement with Galileo’s astronomical findings and the debates they provoked. By offering the first critical edition and English translation of Figliucci’s text, this study sheds new light on the entangled domains of literature and science, highlighting the ways in which vernacular poetics could articulate, mediate, and amplify the profound epistemic transformations of the early seventeenth century.