This paper presents the design, force analysis, and simulation of a novel electrostatic microgripper that integrates three key mechanisms: a self-locking structure, an amplified displacement mechanism, and an active release-assist sliding bar to overcome adhesion issues. The microgripper operates using electrostatic comb-drive actuators located symmetrically on both sides to generate gripping force, and an additional actuator positioned at the bottom to release the lock. Through the displacement amplification mechanism, each gripper jaw achieves a maximum displacement of 42.42 μm under an applied voltage of 104.4 V. The self-locking mechanism, consisting of a V-shaped beam and ratchet teeth on both sides, allows the gripper to maintain its holding position without a continuous power supply. Theoretical analyses confirm the effectiveness of the proposed design, while finite element simulations (FEA) performed in ANSYS validate the stress distribution and structural integrity of the elastic components. The results demonstrate that the proposed microgripper offers a compact, energy-efficient, and mechanically reliable solution for MEMS-based micromanipulation and biomedical applications.