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As electric vehicles (EVs) require smarter energy management, especially under dynamic conditions, advanced control strategies become vital. This paper introduces a Hierarchical Model Predictive Control (H-MPC) approach for hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) that combines lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. The two-layer structure comprises a high-level MPC for optimal power distribution and a rapid inner-loop PI controller for current tracking. A degradation-aware model is incorporated to maintain long-term performance. Simulations in MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate that H-MPC reduces peak battery current by 24%, enhances supercapacitor utilisation by 31%, and boosts system efficiency by 18%, surpassing conventional methods. This affirms the potential of H-MPC for real-time, efficient, and resilient energy control in EVs.

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Hierachical MPC- Based Energy Management for Electrical Car with Hybrid Energy Storage

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Vo Thu Ha,
  • Chu Thi Thuy,
  • Horst Puta,
  • Tran Thị Hoa,
  • Vo Thanh Ha

摘要

As electric vehicles (EVs) require smarter energy management, especially under dynamic conditions, advanced control strategies become vital. This paper introduces a Hierarchical Model Predictive Control (H-MPC) approach for hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) that combines lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. The two-layer structure comprises a high-level MPC for optimal power distribution and a rapid inner-loop PI controller for current tracking. A degradation-aware model is incorporated to maintain long-term performance. Simulations in MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate that H-MPC reduces peak battery current by 24%, enhances supercapacitor utilisation by 31%, and boosts system efficiency by 18%, surpassing conventional methods. This affirms the potential of H-MPC for real-time, efficient, and resilient energy control in EVs.