InWavelet-sparrow search algorithm this study, based on the spatial slice coupling theory, a spatial damage identificationDamage identification method combining wavelet transform and sparrow search algorithmAlgorithms is proposed. By grouping and slicing the strain modal data of the structure in three dimensions along different dimensions and coupling them to the same dimension, the final one-dimensional strain modal data are then wavelet transformed and the wavelet coefficient mode extreme points of each group of data, i.e., the projected points of the structural damages in each dimension, are identified and combined to form a spatial location of the damage. In addition, this paper proposes an improvement scheme for the problem that the above method cannot identify the edge damage at the free end of the cantilever structure, i.e., the wavelet transform is performed by replacing the strain modes with the rate of change of the strain modes; Secondly, improvement measures are proposed to address the problem of excessive data collection in the spatial slicing process, and at the same time solves the problem of data distortion caused by the direct coupling of the strain modal change rate itself as dimensionless data. In this study, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulation and experimental analysis of cantilever beam structure under different damage conditions.