The purpose of the article is to substantiate the impact of automation and robotics on labor resources in agriculture. The key trends in the implementation of innovative technologies, such as robotic systems for irrigation, harvesting, automated tractors and drones for monitoring the condition of fields, are substantiated. Particular attention is paid to the transformation of the employment structure resulting from a decrease in the need for unskilled labor and an increase in demand for highly qualified specialists capable of operating and maintaining complex equipment. An analysis of the benefits of automation is carried out, including increased productivity, reduced costs and minimization of the human factor in labor-intensive processes. Potential risks associated with the social adaptation of workers, loss of jobs in traditional segments and the need for significant investments in personnel retraining are stated. The importance of government regulation and educational initiatives to ensure equal access to automation in different regions and maintain a balance between technological development and employment is substantiated. The main results emphasize the need for a strategic approach to the integration of automation, taking into account social, economic and environmental factors, which is a key condition for the sustainable development of agriculture.