Gender Norms of Men and Women and Their Daily Behavioral Space in Rural Bangladesh
摘要
Bangladesh is a nation with about 90% of the population being Muslim. Muslim womenWomen have traditionally followed the purdah normPurdah norm, living inside the private spaceSpace or rural homestead land to avoid contact with unknown men. The purdah normPurdah norm, along with the hijab or burkha, is often seen as a symbol of oppressionOppression against womenWomen. As womenWomen's empowermentEmpowerment progresses in rural areasRural areas due to the government schemes and the works of NGOs and gender equalityGender equality improves due to the recent economic growth of the country, there might be changes in womenWomen’s attitudesAttitudes toward purdah normsPurdah norm in terms of area of activities and behavioral patternBehavioral pattern. At the same time, there may be changes in men's attitudesAttitudes as well. Qualitative studies on this issue have been found, but there are few quantitative studies. This study aims to reveal the current genderGender norms of men and womenWomen in the study villages in southern Bangladesh by analyzing the results of a GPSGPS-based behavioral survey along with interview. A total of 20 womenWomen and men cooperated in the study and their daily movement logs were obtained by using small GPSGPS units. Questionnaire survey was also conducted for total 625 respondents to compare the behavioral patternsBehavioral pattern between womenWomen and men. The findings indicate that, although Bangladesh has undergone substantial socio-economic transformation, the mobility of rural womenWomen has remained largely unchanged. This stagnation is partly explained by the continued reliance on male household members to facilitate and support womenWomen’s life.