The Indian SundarbanSundarbans delta region is highly exposed to multiple natural disastersNatural disasters including flood, cyclone, erosion and storm surge. These disastersDisaster cause embankment breaches, increase salinity in soil and inland water and decline in agricultural productivity, loss of life and property. Consequently, people living in this delta region are often forced to leave their native land under these hazardous conditions and settle in new places as environmental refugeesEnvironmental refugee. Being economically and socially deprived, environmental refugeesEnvironmental refugee of this delta region are highly vulnerable to natural disastersNatural disasters. However, vulnerabilityVulnerability varies across genderGender, given the socio-cultural and politico-economic context. In this study, the gendered vulnerabilityGendered vulnerability to natural disastersNatural disasters at household level among environmental refugeesEnvironmental refugee of the Indian SundarbanSundarbans delta region has been measured. A primary survey was conducted among 126 households from three Community DevelopmentDevelopment Blocks, i.e. Sagar, Kultali and Gosaba following the snowball sampling method. An Ordinal Logistic RegressionOrdinal Logistic Regression model has been applied to identify the significant factors influencing gendered vulnerabilityGendered vulnerability to natural disastersNatural disasters and to assess the impact of these factors on that vulnerabilityVulnerability. To reduce gendered vulnerabilityGendered vulnerability to natural disastersNatural disasters in this delta region, the key adaptation strategies include livestock raising with crop cultivation, female participation in non-agricultural activities, adopting salt-tolerant crop varieties, female out-migrationMigration and female participation in integrated farming system. Binary Logistic RegressionBinary logistic regression has been applied to predict the influence of households’ socio-economic factors on their decision to adopt adaptation strategies.

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Gendered Vulnerability to Natural Disasters: A Study of Environmental Refugees in the Indian Sundarban Delta

  • Tarun Kumar Mondal,
  • Souvik Kundu

摘要

The Indian SundarbanSundarbans delta region is highly exposed to multiple natural disastersNatural disasters including flood, cyclone, erosion and storm surge. These disastersDisaster cause embankment breaches, increase salinity in soil and inland water and decline in agricultural productivity, loss of life and property. Consequently, people living in this delta region are often forced to leave their native land under these hazardous conditions and settle in new places as environmental refugeesEnvironmental refugee. Being economically and socially deprived, environmental refugeesEnvironmental refugee of this delta region are highly vulnerable to natural disastersNatural disasters. However, vulnerabilityVulnerability varies across genderGender, given the socio-cultural and politico-economic context. In this study, the gendered vulnerabilityGendered vulnerability to natural disastersNatural disasters at household level among environmental refugeesEnvironmental refugee of the Indian SundarbanSundarbans delta region has been measured. A primary survey was conducted among 126 households from three Community DevelopmentDevelopment Blocks, i.e. Sagar, Kultali and Gosaba following the snowball sampling method. An Ordinal Logistic RegressionOrdinal Logistic Regression model has been applied to identify the significant factors influencing gendered vulnerabilityGendered vulnerability to natural disastersNatural disasters and to assess the impact of these factors on that vulnerabilityVulnerability. To reduce gendered vulnerabilityGendered vulnerability to natural disastersNatural disasters in this delta region, the key adaptation strategies include livestock raising with crop cultivation, female participation in non-agricultural activities, adopting salt-tolerant crop varieties, female out-migrationMigration and female participation in integrated farming system. Binary Logistic RegressionBinary logistic regression has been applied to predict the influence of households’ socio-economic factors on their decision to adopt adaptation strategies.