This chapter investigates the mechanisms of motor control and how their failure results in maladaptive movements across various neurological and psychiatric conditions. It first details the neural pathways responsible for normal movement, including the spinal cord, the cranial nerves, the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical (CBGTC) loop, and the cerebellum. This chapter focuses on major motor-related disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease, which are characterized by dysfunctional movements. Furthermore, the discussion extends to conditions like catatonia, motor impairments originating from damage to the cerebellum, and forms of paralysis like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Finally, this chapter addresses the significant issue of drug-induced motor disturbances, including tardive dyskinesia and akathisia, providing a comprehensive overview of how dysregulation of the dopaminergic system contributes to deficits in motor control.