This chapter analyzes the role of consumption in the transition to sustainable models, within the framework of Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG 12). It emphasizes that improving production systems is not enough: it is necessary to transform industrial and social consumption patterns. The text reviews the concept of sustainable consumption from its definition at the Rio Summit (1992) and the Oslo Symposium (1994) to its integration into global policies. The chapter examines the environmental and social impact of industrial consumption, especially in sectors such as mining, agriculture, and energy, highlighting how extractivism has altered ecosystems, communities, and cultures. It addresses the drivers of change toward the circular economy: legal frameworks such as the Pollution Prevention Act (PPA); extended producer responsibility policies; technological advances in recycling and energy efficiency; and organizational factors such as leadership, corporate culture, and governance. The chapter also analyzes the role of the consumer, whose environmental awareness and cultural behavior influence the adoption of circular practices. The impulsive consumption model is criticized, and lifecycle thinking is proposed as a tool for responsible decision-making. Finally, it is recognized that industrial transformation is being shaped by the expectations of final consumers, such as millennials and Gen Z, who demand greater transparency, legitimacy, and environmental commitment from companies.