This third chapter provides an analytical account of the “Israeli gas revolution”: from the Noa and Mary B discoveries as the starting point, to the Tamar (2009) and Leviathan (2010) booms, and the subsequent discoveries that rapidly transformed Israel from a net importer to a regional exporter via Egypt and Jordan. The chapter illustrates the rise of domestic production and the expansion of exports despite growing domestic demand. It traces the licensing rounds and the factors that initially hindered the entry of major companies, such as political considerations and security risks, before the landscape shifted with the entry of companies like Chevron, Mubadala, and Energean, and the resulting transformation of the Israeli gas market. It also explains how the Israeli gas boom coincided with the revival of sovereignty disputes and the delimitation of exclusive economic zones (EEZs), and how these discoveries reshaped regional patterns of amity and enmity, making energy a catalyst for competition rather than a bridge for integration in a region characterized by long-standing disputes.