This chapter explores the concept of misinformation where it is discussed (primarily) in an instrumental context; as if it were a means to an end. For some misinformation is thought of as a tool or a resource that is applied towards achieving a particular goal; such as misleading information that sows political and social discord or that results in monetary gain, by underhand means. In turn, the public are often encouraged to challenge disinformation with tools and resources of their own; methods of verification and technical checks designed to equip the public (and the media) with a means of fact-checking the information they encounter. This chapter explores these methods, and assesses a range of literatures (from social psychology, and from communications and information science) that discursively frame misinformation (and contingent terms) instrumentally, using the toolkit introduced in the introductory chapter. The conceptual bounds of this discourse are explored. This chapter concludes by exploring the merits and limitations in thinking about disinformation as a tool or a resource and considers what this approach contributes to our knowledge of the phenomenon.