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Sea level rise is increasing the vulnerability of coastal areas, particularly low-lying regions like the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, USA. The Naval Academy campus is prone to flooding due to storm surges and nuisance flooding, specifically during sustained wind forcing from the east, southeast, and south which is exacerbated by sea level rise. This study focuses on understanding flooding patterns in the U.S. Naval Academy through monitoring and numerical modeling. Historical water level records show an increasing frequency of flooding events since 2015, with over 70 h of Minor Flooding annually. In 2022, accelerometers deployed in storm drains recorded 40 flooding events, totaling over 118 h of flooding waters above some roadways. A two-dimensional numerical model based on Delft3D-FM forced with river discharge, water levels, and winds was used to simulate flooding events, including those in October 2021 and January 2024, which are two of the top five flooding events in recorded history for the region. The model showed accurate reproduction of water levels and currents in the vicinity of the Naval Academy campus. Simulations revealed that flooding spreads through the low-lying roadways and parking lots to inner parts of the campus. The findings are informing installation resilience planning, including a comprehensive infrastructure development plan to make the Naval Academy more resilient to flooding by the year 2100.

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Monitoring and Modeling Flooding Events for Adaptation and Resiliency at the U.S. Naval Academy

  • 会议论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Liliana Velásquez-Montoya,
  • Tori Tomiczek,
  • Colin Brennan,
  • Nicholas Hilaire,
  • Alexander R. Davies,
  • Joseph P. Smith,
  • Gina Henderson

摘要

Sea level rise is increasing the vulnerability of coastal areas, particularly low-lying regions like the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, USA. The Naval Academy campus is prone to flooding due to storm surges and nuisance flooding, specifically during sustained wind forcing from the east, southeast, and south which is exacerbated by sea level rise. This study focuses on understanding flooding patterns in the U.S. Naval Academy through monitoring and numerical modeling. Historical water level records show an increasing frequency of flooding events since 2015, with over 70 h of Minor Flooding annually. In 2022, accelerometers deployed in storm drains recorded 40 flooding events, totaling over 118 h of flooding waters above some roadways. A two-dimensional numerical model based on Delft3D-FM forced with river discharge, water levels, and winds was used to simulate flooding events, including those in October 2021 and January 2024, which are two of the top five flooding events in recorded history for the region. The model showed accurate reproduction of water levels and currents in the vicinity of the Naval Academy campus. Simulations revealed that flooding spreads through the low-lying roadways and parking lots to inner parts of the campus. The findings are informing installation resilience planning, including a comprehensive infrastructure development plan to make the Naval Academy more resilient to flooding by the year 2100.