Morphodynamics and Mobility of Coral Rubble Tracts: Huvadhu Atoll, Maldives
摘要
Transport of sand and coral-derived rubble (gravel/cobbles/boulders) across coral platforms could be a critical sediment supply for island maintenance under a rising sea level. While several studies have focused on cross-platform sand transport, less attention has been paid to understanding modes, mobility and rates of transport of rubble across different environments. Here we examine the distribution and morphodynamics of rubble tracts located on intertidal platforms associated with low lying atoll islands in the Huvadhu atoll, Maldives. Broad scale assessment of rubble tract distributions throughout the atoll (satellite images) identified the greatest abundance of rubble features in the high-energy SW of atoll. Local-scale morphodynamic assessment of a representative rubble tract was conducted by collecting 6 repeat RTK UAV flights over a 5-month period, combined with bed current measurement (ADV) at the tract and offshore wave observations (ADCP). Offshore significant wave heights and mean current conditions on the tract ranged from 0.48 to 3.91 m, and from −0.22 to 0.65 m/s, respectively, during the study period. DEMs of difference indicated that the studied rubble tract feature was geomorphologically stable (no significant change in total sediment budget) over a 5-month period. Although large portions (10–50%) of tract was mobile over weekly to 5-monthly timescales. These findings provide some evidence to suggest the rubble tract forms a contemporary sediment transport pathway under modal forcing conditions where material is being input from the ocean-side and exported at the lagoon-side while landform is being maintained. The key finding is that mesoscales are important for the understanding of sediment transport pathways and island maintenance processes in these environments.