Monsoon-Intermonsoon Influence on Spatio-Temporal Variability of Seabed Sediments Along the Urbanised Coast of Singapore
摘要
Singapore’s urbanized coastal environment is highly influenced by both natural and anthropogenic drivers. However we lack understanding of nearshore sediment deposition patterns and the relationship to these climatic drivers. This research aims to characterize the coastal conditions off Singapore to understand the monsoon-intermonsoon influences on near-offshore seabed sediment in the Singapore Strait. We collected monthly seabed boxcorer samples, CTD water parameters and surface/bottom current at two sampling points per site (i.e., proximal and distal to shore) from September 2023 to August 2024. These sites, namely Tuas (TS2, 5), Marina South (MS1, 4), and East Coast (EC1, 4), represent three unique coastal typologies in the form of highly engineered coast (100% seawall), coastal dam-floodgate and sandy beach (with seaward drainage channels), respectively. We performed particle-size analysis and loss-on-ignition to obtain the grain-size distribution and organic and inorganic matter percentages, respectively. Our results show that climate and current parameters largely correlate with minor temporal lags, but deposition trends show significant spatially and temporally variable site-specific differences, despite the close proximity providing similar oceanographic conditions. Our study suggests decoupling of sediment behaviour from monsoon-driven hydrodynamics at local scales due to coastal modifications. Which underpins the need for field-based sampling of shallow marine sediments due to complex heterogeneity of developed nearshore zones which is difficult to comprehensively model.