Considered as reservoirs of biodiversity, coastal dunes also represent natural barrier against coastal flooding and large source of sediment to mitigate coastal erosion. Dynamics of coastal dunes are forced and controlled by marine, aeolian and biological processes. A better understanding of the interactions between all these processes based on field observations or numerical modelling is crucial to define management strategies that aim to develop the resilience of coastal dune against sea level rise. The analysis of multi-annual topographic data collected along the Gironde coast in SW France show a strong landward migration of the coastal dunes caused by strong wind events and a decrease in vegetation cover. The same data were also used to calibrate and validate a numerical model, AeoLiS, that simulated Aeolian sediment transport. This model showed good performance to reproduce the landward migration of non-vegetated dune.