The indigenous Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. tree is a medium to large tree belonging to the Mimosoideae subfamily of the Fabaceae family. It is primarily found in the subtropical and tropical regions of Northern Australia, Asia, tropical Africa, the Andaman Islands, Myanmar, and India. Due to its phytochemicals and beneficial therapeutic qualities, A. lebbeck has garnered significant attention from Ayurvedic researchers. All plant parts are utilized to treat skin issues, asthma, diarrhoea, jaundice, migraine, and conjunctivitis. Numerous chemical components, including lebbekannin, echinocystic acid, flavonoids, linoleic acid, and saponins, have been isolated from A. lebbeck. This plant exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, anti-asthmatic, antifertility, anti-arthritic, anticonvulsant, antidiarrheal, mast cell stabilization, antioxidant, steroidogenic, anti-anaphylactic, antitumor, and nootropic effects. It effectively functions as an immunomodulator against Plasmodium, Proteus vulgaris, and Staphylococcus aureus infections. This chapter thoroughly explores the botanical characteristics, phytochemical properties, and traditional applications of A. lebbeck with the aim of guiding and inspiring future research efforts.