Salvia hispanica L. (chia), is a highly valued plant species within the Lamiaceae family, renowned for its applications in traditional medicine, nutrition, and modern health sciences. The seeds, identified as the primary crude drug, are rich in bioactive compounds and major chemical constituents, including omega-3 fatty acids, dietary fiber, high-quality proteins, polyphenols, and antioxidants, all of which contribute to their broad therapeutic potential. Traditional medicine highlights the plant’s long-standing role in treating skin aging, gastrointestinal disorders, and cardiovascular ailments. The nutritional composition of chia seeds underscores their status as a superfood, offering a rich source of essential nutrients with potential benefits for metabolic health and chronic disease prevention. The chapter examines the plant’s geographical distribution and cultivation practices, noting its adaptability to diverse environments and growing global demand.