Dalbergia sissoo Roxb., a fast-growing deciduous tree of the Fabaceae family, is widely recognised for its timber, medicinal value, and ecological significance. Extensively used in Ayurveda, Unani, and folk medicine, the leaves, bark, wood, and roots exhibit a broad spectrum of therapeutic properties. The plant is rich in flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, and quinones, which are attributed to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antipyretic, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, analgesic, antidiabetic, and anticancer effects. Its wood and leaf extracts are commonly employed in managing skin diseases, fever, inflammation, diabetes, liver disorders, and microbial infections. Preclinical and limited clinical data, suggest potential for further exploration. Research is needed to characterise its bioactive compounds, validate therapeutic applications, and develop novel formulations.