Luffa acutangula (ridge gourd), a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is a widely climbing plant cultivated for both its nutritional and medicinal properties. It is native to the Indian subcontinent. Naturalized in tropical and subtropical regions, globally, this plant has played a significant role in Ayurveda. The scientific literature mentions its demonstrated effects against microbes, inflammation, hepatotoxicity, cancer, and diabetes mellitus. Fruits, seeds, leaves, peel, and flowers contain flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolics, and essential oils. L. acutangula has been chemically profiled and found to be rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and vital fatty acids. Ethnobotanical applications span from dietary use, as a vegetable, to treatments for jaundice, asthma, skin ailments, and metabolic disorders. Seeds also contain ribosome-inactivating proteins with potential anticancer effects.