Lawsonia inermis L. commonly known as henna, is a widely recognized medicinal and cosmetic plant with deep roots in traditional healing systems and cultural practices across Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Beyond its popular use as a natural dye for skin and hair, henna possesses a broad range of ethnomedicinal applications that have been utilized for centuries. Indigenous healthcare systems of Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha have employed its leaves, bark, flowers, and seeds for treating skin infections, liver disorders, gastrointestinal issues, fever, and reproductive ailments. Its cooling, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and astringent properties make it effective in both topical and internal formulations. Culturally, henna plays a central role in ceremonial rituals, symbolizing purification, protection, and celebration, particularly in weddings and religious festivals. Women in many societies use henna for reproductive health, postpartum care, and as a traditional cosmetic. Henna serves various purposes in veterinary medicine, oral hygiene, and even pest control in rural settings. Knowledge of its diverse uses is often passed down through generations, highlighting its importance in preserving cultural identity and community health. In recent years, scientific interest has grown with studies validating several of its traditional applications and identifying bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential. As the global demand for natural remedies increases, documenting and preserving the traditional knowledge surrounding this plant becomes essential.