Within the framework of sustainable development, the new regulations in terms of thermal insulation in the building sector lead researchers to search for new materials to constitute energy-saving systems while ensuring the comfort of the habitat. This research has very quickly turned to the use of bio-based materials. For several years, bio-based materials have been the subject of studies aimed at understanding and characterizing their hygrothermal behavior. These studies show that these materials present specific performances regarding hygrothermal phenomena. The integration of this type of materials in the Algerian construction is essential and beneficial from the point of view of sustainable development. This study focused on modeling the hygrothermal behavior of a construction made of bio-based materials in an arid climate. The materials chosen are hemp concrete and date palm concrete. The results revealed that these materials have excellent temperature and humidity control qualities compared to those obtained with conventional double-brick construction. They allow a reduction in energy requirements that can reach up to 40%.