This numerical work investigates the coupling between non-uniform boundary conditions, induced internal flow structures, and their effect on the particle deposition morphology during the evaporation of a sessile droplet. The droplet of diluted colloidal suspension evaporates on an adiabatic solid surface containing isothermal zones. The numerical approach accounts for effects of buoyancy in the fluid phases, evaporative cooling, and thermocapillarity induced by variations in surface tension at the liquid-air interface. Results reveal that droplet hydrodynamics play a decisive role in particle dynamics and deposition. A perfectly insulated wetting surface generates a clockwise-rotating vortex that evolves into radially outward motion at small wetting angles, producing annular deposits. Conversely, a wetting surface under fully isothermal conditions gives rise to a counterclockwise thermocapillary vortex, which favors particle accumulation at the droplet center in a bump-like structure. When the droplet base has an isothermal peripheral zone, the intense local evaporation at the triple line causes part of the suspended particles to be transported toward droplet periphery, whereas the remaining particles keep recirculating in the core of the droplet. The resulting deposition structure features a ring with a central bump. However, without an isothermal peripheral zone, the ring deposit almost disappears, and the central bump spreads outward but remains thinner than that obtained on a constant-temperature wetting surface. These results are useful for several applications, such as inkjet printing, biomedical diagnostics, and coating technologies.

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Internal Flow Effect on Particle Deposition in a Sessile Droplet Under Non-Uniform Boundary Conditions

  • Mebrouk Ait Saada,
  • Salah Chikh,
  • Lounès Tadrist

摘要

This numerical work investigates the coupling between non-uniform boundary conditions, induced internal flow structures, and their effect on the particle deposition morphology during the evaporation of a sessile droplet. The droplet of diluted colloidal suspension evaporates on an adiabatic solid surface containing isothermal zones. The numerical approach accounts for effects of buoyancy in the fluid phases, evaporative cooling, and thermocapillarity induced by variations in surface tension at the liquid-air interface. Results reveal that droplet hydrodynamics play a decisive role in particle dynamics and deposition. A perfectly insulated wetting surface generates a clockwise-rotating vortex that evolves into radially outward motion at small wetting angles, producing annular deposits. Conversely, a wetting surface under fully isothermal conditions gives rise to a counterclockwise thermocapillary vortex, which favors particle accumulation at the droplet center in a bump-like structure. When the droplet base has an isothermal peripheral zone, the intense local evaporation at the triple line causes part of the suspended particles to be transported toward droplet periphery, whereas the remaining particles keep recirculating in the core of the droplet. The resulting deposition structure features a ring with a central bump. However, without an isothermal peripheral zone, the ring deposit almost disappears, and the central bump spreads outward but remains thinner than that obtained on a constant-temperature wetting surface. These results are useful for several applications, such as inkjet printing, biomedical diagnostics, and coating technologies.