This chapter, which seeks to examine how far the introduction of a gender quota in rural local bodies in India has been able to bring about gender equality, has theoretical, historical, and empirical components. Gender is woven throughout Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which encompass three interconnected elements, namely economic growth, social inclusion of all, and environmental protection. Gender is now widely projected as a tested tool to ensure gender equality to a great extent. In India, a gender quota was initiated through constitutional amendments in 1992. Quite a few serious studies have been done by scholars over the last few years to assess what is happening on the ground and where the shoe pinches. An attempt has been made in this paper to draw some conclusions and to suggest a way forward in the light of the findings of the different relevant studies.