The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data into governance offers transformative possibilities while simultaneously generating complex ethical dilemmas. Governments worldwide are increasingly adopting data-driven strategies to enhance decision-making, optimize resource allocation, and improve service delivery. AI enables real-time analysis of vast datasets, supporting predictive modeling and evidence-based policymaking, while big data allows for monitoring social trends, environmental changes, and public sentiment at unprecedented scales. Together, these technologies promise more adaptive and responsive governance. Yet, their intersection with public administration raises pressing concerns. Algorithmic bias risks perpetuating social inequalities, while reliance on large-scale data collection heightens issues of surveillance, privacy, and state overreach. These tensions highlight the urgent need for robust ethical frameworks that safeguard fairness, transparency, and accountability in the deployment of AI and big data. Moreover, questions of data sovereignty, technological access, and the digital divide reveal how uneven resource distribution exacerbates global inequities, often excluding marginalized communities from the benefits of digital governance. This chapter critically examines the dual nature of AI and big data—both as tools for innovation and as sources of ethical conflict—arguing for governance approaches that balance technological advancement with the protection of human rights and democratic values.