The rapid and uncontrolled growth in municipal solid waste (MSW) has compelled the waste management authorities to adopt waste-to-energy (WtE) systems, which primarily utilize incineration technique to recover energy using MSW as feedstocks. The incineration of MSW not only reduces its volume but also produces substantial quantities of incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA) and fly ash (MSWIFA), which are disposed of in landfills. These residues might be hazardous in nature and pose serious geoenvironmental risks if left unattended. Therefore, it is imperative to devise strategies that can transform such waste-to-energy incinerated residues (WtEIR) into valuable resources, thereby minimizing the geoenvironmental degradation. With this in view, this article provides a concise overview of the characteristics of WtEIR to assess their potential for various civil engineering applications. Based on these characteristics, the utilization strategies for both MSWIBA and MSWIFA are critically reviewed, with a particular emphasis on the pros and cons associated with this practice. The review highlights that though WtEIR has been widely utilized in various applications such as road construction, as aggregates in cement concrete, as a raw material for cement clinkers, as precursors for alkali-activated materials, etc., the presence of high concentrations of leachable chlorides, sulfates, and heavy metals might pose a significant challenge and hence adequate guidelines and protocols should be developed before initiating such utilization strategies.