Climate change poses significant risks to human livelihoods, ecosystems, and economic stability, with African countries being among the most vulnerable due to their high dependence on climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture and fisheries. This chapter examines the nature and extent of climate-induced vulnerabilities across Africa, highlighting the socioeconomic and environmental consequences on food security, health, livelihoods, and migration. Using a desk research approach, the chapter synthesizes key literature to assess vulnerability dynamics and the effectiveness of current management strategies. It identifies gaps in adaptive capacity, particularly among economically disadvantaged and marginalized communities, and explores policy responses at local, national, and international levels. The chapter concludes with practical recommendations for enhancing resilience, including investment in early warning systems, climate-resilient infrastructure, adaptive agricultural practices, and stronger integration of climate adaptation into national development plans. These insights provide a foundation for shaping more equitable and effective climate vulnerability management strategies in Africa.