During pregnancy, physiological changes occur in all maternal systems, particularly in the locomotor system. Changes in the musculoskeletal system may predispose pregnant women to painful conditions. Hormonal and postural alterations, weight gain, and fluid retention are considered responsible for these musculoskeletal changes during this period. The most common musculoskeletal problems include low back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, chondromalacia patella, transient osteoporosis of the hip, femoral head osteonecrosis, and muscle cramps. Treatment options for painful musculoskeletal conditions generally consist of patient education, rest of the affected region, appropriate physiotherapeutic modalities, exercise, massage and mobilization, as well as medical and surgical interventions.