This introduction frames the volume’s central metaphor of peeling a pineapple (descascar o abacaxi) as an invitation to confront psychology’s most difficult and necessary tasks. The spiny skin represents the orthodoxies of method and ontology that dominate the discipline, often turning provisional tools into rigid truths and obscuring the flux of human meaning-making. We argue for moving beyond static ontological assumptions—the belief that psychological phenomena exist in fixed forms—and toward epistemological renewal: a reexamination of how knowledge is produced, justified, and applied. Guided by Semiotic Cultural Psychology, we highlight the importance of irreversibility, uncertainty, and contextual meaning in understanding human life. The volume is organized around four domains—Care and Education, Mental Health and Therapy, Self and Identity, and Relationships and Emotions—each chapter engaging in its own ‘peeling’ of sedimented constructs. Together, these contributions demonstrate how psychology can be reimagined as a dynamic, culturally grounded science of meanings rather than a static catalogue of categories.