This chapter aims to identify and analyse the representations of environmental education and productive work in the manuals/textbooks of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cabo Verde (PAIGC) within the context of the anti-colonial war and the early post-colonial era in Guinea-Bissau. In this context, at the national level, the PAIGC, the new Ministry of Education, and international institutions developed various educational and activist projects, as well as adult literacy and popular education projects that involved the production of different teaching materials for participants and trainers. Through the interpretation of these documents cross-referenced with other sources, we will analyse the awareness that was forged about the representations mentioned above, which ultimately aimed to instil new values and a new mentality, a fact not unrelated to the idea of creating a New Man and a new cultural and identity paradigm. We will also try to understand not only the educational processes underway but also the political cosmology, the references to the recent past, and the challenges of two crucial decades in Guinea-Bissau’s contemporary history.