Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) come from a variety of sources, including as industrial discharges, wastewater effluents, and agricultural runoff. They persist because wastewater treatment facilities (WWTPs) are unable to remove them effectively. These pollutants disrupt hormonal signaling by mainly targeting nuclear receptors (NRs), such as oestrogen (ER) and androgen (AR) receptors. These contaminants include pesticides, plastics, heavy metals, and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). In both males and females, exposure to EDC causes reproductive problems, decreased fertility, and developmental abnormalities. Notable effects include ovarian regression, skewed sex ratios, and impaired HPG axis function. The environment and human tissues are home to hazardous substances that can cause cancer, immunotoxicity, and neurodevelopment, such as bisphenols, PCBs, and polychlorinated dioxins. Even with regulatory attempts, exposure continues, especially in poorer countries where rules are still patchy. Improved treatment methods, more stringent laws, and further research are essential to mitigate EDC-related health and environmental impacts.