Benign hepatic cysts are fluid-filled lesions of the liver that typically arise from congenital malformations of the biliary system. These cysts are most commonly simple hepatic cysts, which are lined by cuboidal epithelium and lack communication with the biliary tree. They are often discovered incidentally during imaging studies, with a prevalence estimated at 15–18% in the general population. Although usually asymptomatic, large or complicated cysts may present with abdominal pain, early satiety, or biliary compression. Imaging modalities such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are essential for the diagnosis, with simple cysts appearing as well-defined, anechoic lesions without septations or solid components. Differential diagnosis includes parasitic cysts, biliary cystadenomas, and cystic metastases. Serum tumor markers like CA 19–9 may be elevated in benign cases but lack specificity for malignancy. Management is conservative for asymptomatic cysts, while symptomatic or enlarging lesions may require surgical intervention, including laparoscopic fenestration or cyst excision. Rare complications include infection, hemorrhage, or rupture. Long-term prognosis is excellent, with low recurrence rates following complete resection.