The scheme and physical phenomena are presented for the processes in laser welding that lead to a reduction in the width of the heat-affected zone (structural heterogeneity decreases), a reduction in the width of the elastic–plastic zone (shrinkage force decreases), minimization of the time the metal remains at a temperature above A1 (conditions for diffusion transformations disappear), an increase in the cooling rate in the weld and HAZ (the grain in the weld becomes finer, conditions for carbide formation disappear), improvement of the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joint, reduction of residual stresses and deformations, disappearance of conditions for the formation of hot and cold cracks, disappearance of imperfections in geometry of welded joints, increase in corrosion resistance, including resistance to intergranular corrosion. The energy coefficients of absorption and reflection of electromagnetic radiation have been calculated, ensuring conditions for maximum absorption of laser radiation by the weld metal and, consequently, maximum efficiency of laser welding, taking into account the influence of the plasma torch. Technological recommendations are provided for determining the parameters of the laser welding: laser power, laser radiation intensity, wavelength, welding speed, focal length, focal plane depth, focused beam diameter, laser beam deflection angle, protective gas composition and consumption. A diagram is provided, the features of the process are analyzed, and general technological recommendations for hybrid laser-plasma surfacing are given.