Most people concur that the biggest threat to life on Earth is the rapid change in the climate. There has been no evaluation of the possible effects of climate change on the diverse range of plant species. Depending on their natural distribution, the predicted changes, their capacity for adaptation and resilience, their ability to migrate and disperse, the ecology and nature of their new bioclimatic envelopes, and their capacity to endure in and colonize new areas, the effects of climate change on plants will differ. The environment, potential management approaches, occurrence of pollinators and dispersal agents also serves as significant factors. Hence, the present chapter highlights the role of plant diversification in enhancing climate resilience addressing various stressors along with indigenous knowledge to enhance their productivity. It also addresses ecosystem services and the importance of plants to improve soil health by mitigating the adverse effects posed by environment.