This introductory chapter describes the structure and sets up the theme of the book, i.e. the need for science to be submitted to ideology critique in order to demarcate it from pseudoscientific ideology. It contextualizes this need with a description of the rise of scientism, understood as an uncritical confidence in the established methods and claims of the natural sciences, a confidence that is an ideology of science that should not be confused with science itself. This rise of scientism is traced back to both the science wars of the 1990s and to the earlier emergence of Quinean naturalism. The latter is described as a revival of the nineteenth-century naturalism that Husserlian phenomenology rose up against, Husserl regarding it as a scientistic “total worldview.”