Post-COVID Neurological Syndrome (PCNS) presents a complex and evolving challenge with significant public health implications. Despite increasing recognition from global institutions such as the World Health Organization and national bodies like the Australian Parliament, research efforts remain fragmented and underfunded. PCNS is marked by a broad spectrum of neurological symptoms, including cognitive decline, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and autonomic dysfunction, often persisting months after the acute infection, yet there is a critical gap in understanding its underlying mechanisms, diagnostic criteria, and long-term impact. This chapter outlines the urgent need for coordinated, systems-based research strategies. It highlights key priorities, including the role of neuroinflammation, vascular injury, immune dysregulation, and psychosocial stressors. It also underscores the importance of longitudinal studies, real-world data collection, patient-led research, and international collaborations. Addressing these gaps is not only vital for managing the growing burden of PCNS but also offers broader insights into post-viral and neuroimmune disorders. A roadmap for research investment and infrastructure is essential to guide evidence-based care and policy development.