Microgreens, nutrient-dense young plants harvested within 7–21 days after germination, have gained popularity for their health benefits and sustainability in urban farming. However, their rapid growth and dense cultivation make them highly susceptible to insect pests and diseases, including fungus gnats, aphids, damping-off, root rot, and powdery mildew, which can significantly impact yield and quality. Integrated Pest and Disease Management (IPDM) offers an eco-friendly solution by combining biological, cultural, mechanical, and minimal chemical control strategies to ensure sustainable production. Implementing IPDM enhances food safety, promotes crop resilience, and reduces reliance on synthetic pesticides, making microgreen cultivation more efficient and environmentally friendly. Future research in biocontrol agents, microbial consortia, precision agriculture, and genetic advancements will further strengthen microgreen production, supporting food security and sustainable agricultural practices.