Genomic selection (GS) has emerged as a revolutionary tool in aquaculture breeding, offering unprecedented potential to enhance genetic improvement, sustainability, and productivity. By leveraging genome-wide markers, GS enables precise estimation of genomic breeding values (GEBVs), facilitating early and accurate selection of superior individuals. This approach not only accelerates genetic gains and yielding up to 10% improvements in traits like growth and disease resistance but also reduces inbreeding by up to 81% and enhances resilience to environmental challenges. Empirical studies across key species, including Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout, and shellfish, demonstrate the efficacy of GS in improving economically critical traits such as growth efficiency, disease resistance, and environmental adaptability. For instance, GS has achieved up to a 62% increase in prediction accuracy for growth traits in shrimp and a 50% improvement in disease resistance in rainbow trout. Despite its promise, the implementation of GS faces challenges, including optimizing reference population size, marker density, and mitigating genotype-by-environment interactions. Advances in high-throughput genotyping technologies and computational models, such as GBLUP and Bayesian approaches, are addressing these barriers, paving the way for broader adoption. By integrating GS into aquaculture breeding programs, the sector can achieve sustainable and resilient production systems, ensuring food security and economic stability for vulnerable communities worldwide. Future research must focus on refining GS methodologies, expanding genomic resources, and fostering collaboration to unlock its full potential, positioning GS as a cornerstone of modern aquaculture breeding strategies.