Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) of Pig Meat Processing Wastes Valorisation
摘要
The pig meat industry generates large volumes of by-products like blood, bones, skin, among others, during slaughtering and meat processing and must be treated and disposed of ecologically. It was selected for further valorisation, the principal animal subproducts type III wastes produced throughout the value chain of pig meat production: pig bones, skins, and pig hair. According to the potential valorisation options, these wastes will be converted into Hydroxyapatite and protein hydrolysates (Keratin and Collagen). This work includes a comprehensive technical and economic analysis (TEA) for each valorisation route or applied technology. Metrics such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and payback periods were used to evaluate economic feasibility. TEA of Hydrolysis and Extraction of Keratin Hydrolysates indicate that a unit processing and valorising 10 tons of pig hair per year to produce keratin hydrolysate has an NPV of 907.940 €, an IRR of 13.07%, and a Payback period of 5.41 years. In contrast, the results of Hydrolysis and Extraction of Collagen Hydrolysates showed a process economically unviable with negative cash flows in all scenarios due to the high-fat content in raw materials. TEA results of Extraction and purification of Hydroxyapatite from Pig Bones with Pyrolysis indicate that a unit processing and valorising 10 tons of pig bones per year for the production of hydroxyapatite has an NPV of 1 274 819.00 €, an IRR of 65.43%, and a Payback period of 1.5 years over a timeline of 10 years with a discount rate of 10%.