Seaweeds have been referred to as the “promising plant of the millennium” due to their relative advantages over terrestrial biomass production. Seaweed innovations have been increasingly adopted in various industries. The seaweed industry has undergone rapid growth and has become a strategic sector in the global economy. Marine macroalgae may advance multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by using their capacity to improve aquaculture, facilitate “Blue Carbon” sequestration of CO2 to mitigate climate change, namely SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 14 (Life Below Water). SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) assist the advancement of the seaweed business, while seaweed serves as biomass feedstock for biofuels (UN SDG 7), hence diminishing dependence on fossil fuel combustion. The implementation of UN SDGs 1 and 2 in the forthcoming years will pose significant challenges due to the anticipated rise in global population. Responsible seaweed harvesting can potentially mitigate some of the world’s most significant sustainable development concerns through nature-based solutions.