Accurate three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of individual dental elements from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data is critical for adaptive prosthetic design and occlusal simulation in digital dentistry. However, challenges persist due to the complex morphology of teeth, the similar radiodensities of hard tissues, and the limited resolution of CBCT in capturing interproximal surfaces between adjacent teeth. This study presents a semi-automated, open-source compatible workflow that integrates CBCT image segmentation with the reconstruction of missing interproximal molar regions using Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) surface modeling. Molar datasets from CBCT acquisitions were segmented into 3D Slicer open-source software and refined to isolate individual teeth. Missing surface regions were reconstructed using third-degree NURBS patches in Rhinoceros® ver. 8 commercial software. Method reconstruction accuracy was quantitatively evaluated on 14 M by applying the method to manually created voids on intact tooth models. The average root-mean-square error (RMSE) and Hausdorff distance were 0.041 ± 0.015 mm and 0.049 ± 0.023 mm, respectively. The resulting models exhibited high surface continuity and anatomical fidelity, making them suitable for Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) analysis and prosthetic customization. This approach enables reproducible, high-precision dental modeling and represents a promising step toward fully automated 3D reconstruction workflows in clinical practice.

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Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Scans: NURBS-Based Accurate Interproximal Molar Surfaces Reconstruction

  • Giuliana Baiamonte,
  • Fulvia Monaco,
  • Sebastiano Magnano,
  • Gianfranco Di Martino,
  • Michele Calì

摘要

Accurate three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of individual dental elements from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data is critical for adaptive prosthetic design and occlusal simulation in digital dentistry. However, challenges persist due to the complex morphology of teeth, the similar radiodensities of hard tissues, and the limited resolution of CBCT in capturing interproximal surfaces between adjacent teeth. This study presents a semi-automated, open-source compatible workflow that integrates CBCT image segmentation with the reconstruction of missing interproximal molar regions using Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) surface modeling. Molar datasets from CBCT acquisitions were segmented into 3D Slicer open-source software and refined to isolate individual teeth. Missing surface regions were reconstructed using third-degree NURBS patches in Rhinoceros® ver. 8 commercial software. Method reconstruction accuracy was quantitatively evaluated on 14 M by applying the method to manually created voids on intact tooth models. The average root-mean-square error (RMSE) and Hausdorff distance were 0.041 ± 0.015 mm and 0.049 ± 0.023 mm, respectively. The resulting models exhibited high surface continuity and anatomical fidelity, making them suitable for Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) analysis and prosthetic customization. This approach enables reproducible, high-precision dental modeling and represents a promising step toward fully automated 3D reconstruction workflows in clinical practice.