The study is dedicated to analyzing the mechanism of transition zone formation in the surface layer of ceramic components used in precision devices and evaluating its impact on the operational characteristics of the products. The research examines the key physico-mechanical factors contributing to the formation of the transition layer, including temperature fluctuations, mechanical loads, phase transformations, and chemical interactions with the surrounding environment. A comparative analysis of various types of ceramics (Si3N4, SiC, ZrO2, Al2O3, TiO2, WC-Co) was conducted to assess the formation rate and critical thickness of the transition layer. It was established that, regardless of operating conditions, the transition zone increases over time, leading to higher porosity, reduced mechanical strength, and increased internal stresses within the material. Experimental studies have confirmed the negative impact of the transition layer on the durability of ceramic components, particularly in high-load environments. Recommendations have been proposed to minimize the effects of the transition zone, particularly through the optimization of material composition and technological processing methods. The obtained results hold significant practical value for enhancing the reliability of ceramic bearings, seals, medical implants, and other precision components, ensuring their long-term stability and performance in demanding operational conditions.